Most national taxation regimes afford certain privileges to non-governmental non-profit organisations of public benefit. However, cross-border extension of such privileges has failed to materialise in any significant way, despite various efforts and the existence of model treaty provisions and even draft NGO multilateral tax treaties. Although experts tend to oppose harmonisation¿on the grounds that international privilege would sink to the lowest national level¿there does seem to be general agreement that tax incentives to encourage the cross-border activity of public benefit organisations should be clarified and augmented.
The expert authors whose work is assembled in this book offer rich perspectives on this issue. Their various analyses include the following:
Ten of the essays discuss relevant measures in specific countries and regions.
The volume includes extensive primary source material, including selected provisions from bilateral tax treaties, national tax arrangements, and the Interphil¿s draft for a European Convention on the Tax Treatment of NGOs , as well as full texts of Round Table declarations, and the European Convention on the Recognition of Legal Personality of International NGOs.
Quite apart from its importance as an in-depth study of a taxation issue of significant social value, The Tax Treatment of NGOs will be of great assistance to NGOs and their supporters and benefactors. It opens the way to more vigorous lobbying power for the NGO community to influence changes in taxation law and policy. Because this issue promises to soon be one ¿whose time has come,¿ taxation officials and policymakers cannot afford to ignore this book.
Foreword; The Tax Treatment of NGOs: Legal, Fiscal and Ethical standards for promoting NGOs and their activities; P. Lieber.Preface An enabling fiscal climate for NGOs; the role of the Europhil Trust; F. Hondius. Introduction. International tax issues relating to nonprofit organizations and their supporters; P. Bater. Part I: National and Regional Perspectives. 1. The reform of charity law in Scotland; C. R. Barker. 2. Charity law development in the Commonwealth Caribbean; T. A. Carmichael. 3. An approach to nonprofit accounting: The Spanish case; J. Fuentes Perdomo. 4. Status and taxation of representative offices of foreign and international NGOs in Russia; N. Bourtseva. 5. Legal and fiscal treatment of German nonprofit organizations; K. Neuhoff. 6. Taxation of corporate citizenship: An Austrian view; F. Schwank. 7. Tax treatment of NGOs in the Nordic countries;K. Olsson. 8. United States tax treatment of nonprofit organizations;P.K. Lieber. 9. Tax and the nonprofit sector¿the South African experience; K. Nelson. Part II: International and Comparative Perspectives. 10. The growing role of civil society organizations in the Third World and government policies towards them; D.M. Guerrero. 11. Civil society as creators of social capital; M. King. 12. Public benefit from a comparative perspective; W. van Veen. 13. Theories of federal income tax exemption for charities: Thesis, antithesis and synthesis; R. Atkinson. 14. Prerequisites for change; A.B.C. Drache. 15. Tax preferences for NGOs: A survey of best practice; K. Simon, L. Irish. 16. Tax privileges of NGOs and their benefactors: A landlocked privilege? I. Koele. Appendices: Declaration of the Bratislava Round Table. Declaration of the Barbados Round Table. European Convention No. 124 on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of International NGOs.
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